Kilwa at its height
c. 1300Notable
The Swahili city of Kilwa controls the gold trade from Sofala, mints its own coins and builds the Husuni Kubwa palace. Ibn Battuta calls it one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
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Longest chain: The Big Bang → First stars ignite → Supernovae seed heavy elements → The Sun forms → Earth forms → First oceans → First life → Photosynthesis evolves → Great Oxidation Event → Complex cells (eukaryotes) → Multicellular life → First animals → Cambrian Explosion → First vertebrates → Jawed fish → Fish walk onto land → The amniotic egg → The Great Dying → Dinosaurs appear → Asteroid ends the dinosaurs → Early primates → Apes split from monkeys → Human line splits from chimpanzees → Walking upright → First stone tools → Genus Homo appears → Homo erectus → Control of fire → First fired clay figures → First pottery → Potter's wheel → The wheel → Spoke-wheeled chariot → Hittite Empire → Iron Age begins → Iron smelting south of the Sahara → Iron Age farmers reach southern Africa → Great Zimbabwe → Kilwa at its height
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