World Wars and the AtomMedicine & Health Smoking linked to lung cancer 1950Major Studies by Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill in Britain and Ernst Wynder and Evarts Graham in the U.S. tie cigarette smoking to lung cancer. ▲ MattersSaveShareTrace roots Longest chain: The Big Bang → First stars ignite → Supernovae seed heavy elements → The Sun forms → Earth forms → First oceans → First life → Photosynthesis evolves → Great Oxidation Event → Complex cells (eukaryotes) → Multicellular life → First animals → Cambrian Explosion → First vertebrates → Jawed fish → Fish walk onto land → The amniotic egg → The Great Dying → Dinosaurs appear → Asteroid ends the dinosaurs → Early primates → Apes split from monkeys → Human line splits from chimpanzees → Walking upright → First stone tools → Genus Homo appears → Homo erectus → Control of fire → Habitual fire and cooking → Homo sapiens appears → Complex language → Natufian villages → Oldest known bread → Agriculture begins → Irrigation → Uruk and the first cities → Cylinder seals → Writing (cuneiform) → Akkadian Empire → Neo-Assyrian Empire → Persian Empire founded → Persian Royal Road → Silk Road opens → Marco Polo's journey → Columbus reaches the Americas → Columbian Exchange → Tobacco spreads worldwide → Smoking linked to lung cancer Community notesLoading notes… Learn more ranked by votesBookAllan M. BrandtThe Cigarette Century ↗Editor's pickVideoSearch on YouTubeDoll and Hill smoking lung cancer ↗Editor's pick