Industrial AgeGovernment & Law U.S. Constitution 1787Turning point The oldest written national constitution still in use: separated powers, checks and balances, and elected representatives. ▲ MattersSaveShareTrace roots Longest chain: The Big Bang → First stars ignite → Supernovae seed heavy elements → The Sun forms → Earth forms → First oceans → First life → Photosynthesis evolves → Great Oxidation Event → Complex cells (eukaryotes) → Multicellular life → First animals → Cambrian Explosion → First vertebrates → Jawed fish → Fish walk onto land → The amniotic egg → The Great Dying → Dinosaurs appear → Asteroid ends the dinosaurs → Early primates → Apes split from monkeys → Human line splits from chimpanzees → Walking upright → First stone tools → Genus Homo appears → Homo erectus → Control of fire → Habitual fire and cooking → Homo sapiens appears → Complex language → Natufian villages → Oldest known bread → Agriculture begins → Irrigation → Uruk and the first cities → Cylinder seals → Writing (cuneiform) → Babylonian mathematics → Babylonian astronomical diaries → Thales and natural philosophy → Trial and death of Socrates → Plato's Academy → Aristotle's Lyceum → Alexander's conquests → Alexandria founded → Library of Alexandria → House of Wisdom → Al-Khwarizmi and algebra → Fibonacci's Liber Abaci → Bills of exchange → Medici Bank → Double-entry bookkeeping → Muscovy Company → English East India Company → Seven Years' War → American Revolution → Declaration of Independence → U.S. Constitution Community notesLoading notes… Learn more ranked by votesDocumentarchives.govU.S. Constitution, transcript (National Archives) ↗Editor's pickDocumentgutenberg.orgThe Federalist Papers (Project Gutenberg) ↗Editor's pickBookCatherine Drinker BowenMiracle at Philadelphia ↗Editor's pickVideoSearch on YouTubeCrashCourse US History Constitution ↗Editor's pick