Industrial AgeScience & Math Atomic nucleus 1911Turning point Ernest Rutherford finds the atom is mostly empty space with a tiny, dense nucleus. ▲ MattersSaveShareTrace roots Longest chain: The Big Bang → First stars ignite → Supernovae seed heavy elements → The Sun forms → Earth forms → First oceans → First life → Photosynthesis evolves → Great Oxidation Event → Complex cells (eukaryotes) → Multicellular life → First animals → Cambrian Explosion → First vertebrates → Jawed fish → Fish walk onto land → The amniotic egg → The Great Dying → Dinosaurs appear → Asteroid ends the dinosaurs → Early primates → Apes split from monkeys → Human line splits from chimpanzees → Walking upright → First stone tools → Genus Homo appears → Homo erectus → Control of fire → First fired clay figures → First pottery → Copper smelting → Bronze Age begins → Shang dynasty → Zhou dynasty and the Mandate of Heaven → Spring and Autumn period → Legalism (Shang Yang) → Qin unifies China → Han dynasty → Magnetic compass for navigation → Gilbert's On the Magnet → Leyden jar → Franklin's kite experiment → Electric battery → Electromagnetism → Electromagnetic induction → Maxwell's equations → X-rays → Radioactivity → Atomic nucleus Community notesLoading notes… Learn more ranked by votesDocumentnobelprize.orgErnest Rutherford, biographical (Nobel Prize) ↗Editor's pickBookDavid WilsonRutherford: Simple Genius ↗Editor's pickVideoSearch on YouTubeRutherford gold foil experiment ↗Editor's pick